TUGAS KULIAH LOGIKA &ALGORITMA (FUNGSI C++)

Bahasa C dan C++
1. Pendahuluan
1.1. Sejarah C & C++
During the 60s, while computers were still in an early stage of development, many new
programming languages appeared. Among them, ALGOL 60, was developed as an alternative
to FORTRAN but taking from it some concepts of structured programming which would later
inspire most procedural languages, such as CPL and its succesors (like C++). ALGOL 68 also
influenced directly in the development of data types in C. Nevertheless ALGOL was an
unspecific language and its abstraction made it little practical to solve most commercial tasks.
In 1963 the CPL (Combined Programming language) appeared with the idea of being more
specific for concrete programming tasks of that time than ALGOL or FORTRAN. Nevertheless
this same specificity made it a big language and, therefore, difficult to learn and implement.
In 1967, Martin Richards developed the BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language), that
signified a simplification of CPL but kept the most important features the language offered.
Although it continued being an abstract and somewhat large language.
In 1970, Ken Thompson, immersed in the development of UNIX at Bell Labs, created the B
language. It was a port of BCPL for a specific machine and system (DEC PDP-7 and UNIX),
and was adapted to his particular taste and necessities. The final result was an even greater
simplification of CPL, although dependent on the system. It had great limitations like it did not
compile to executable code but threaded-code, which generates slower code in execution, and
therefore was inadequate for the development of an operating system. Reason why from 1971,
Denis Ritchie, from the Bell Labs team, began the development of a B compiler which, among
other things, was able to generate executable code directly. This "New B", finally called C,
introduced in addition, some other new concepts to the language like data types (char).
In 1973, Denis Ritchie, had developed the bases of C. The inclusion of types, its handling, as
well as the improvement of arrays and pointers, along with later demonstrated capacity of
portability without becoming a high-level language, contributed to the expansion of the C
language. It was established with the book "The C Programming Language" by Brian
Kernighan and Denis Ritchie, known as the White Book, and that served as de facto standard
until the publication of formal ANSI standard (ANSI X3J11 committee) in 1989.
In 1980, Bjarne Stroustrup, from Bell labs, began the development of the C++ language, that
would receive formally this name at the end of 1983, when its first manual was going to be
published. In October 1985, the first commercial release of the language appeared as well as
the first edition of the book "The C++ Programming Language" by Bjarne Stroustrup.
During the 80s the C++ language was being refined until it became a language with its own
personality. All that with very few losses of compatibility with the code with C, and without
resigning to its most important characteristics. In fact, the ANSI standard for the C language
published in 1989 took good part of the contributions of C++ to structured programming.
From 1990 on, ANSI committee X3J16 began the development of a specific standard for C++.
In the period elapsed until the publication of the standard in 1998, C++ lived a great expansion
in its use and today is the preferred language to develop professional applications on all
platforms.
source: http://www.cplusplus.com/info/history.html
2. Pembahasan
Kalian sudah mengenal bahasa pemrograman Pascal kan? Jadi adalah mudah untuk memahami
bahasa pemrograman lain. Contohnya adalah bahasa C dan C++ ini. Untuk memulainya, mari kita
lihat contoh program (yang sudah me-‘legenda’) Hello World:
Pascal:
begin
writeln(‘Hello, world.’);
end.
C:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf(“Hello, world.\n”);
return 0;
}
C++:
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::cout << “Hello, world.\n”;
return 0;
}